Bacterial and Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Bloodstream Infections

Abstract

Bloodstream infections (BSI) are considered among the top ten causes of death globally. Among various microorganisms, bacteria are majorly responsible for the onset of BSI. The study aimed to identify bacterial profile, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and factors associated with BSI-suspected patients, including incidence and mode of occurrence of common diseases, detection methods, disease mechanism, and treatment options. BSI can be further classified into sepsis and septic shock based on the degree of organ failure and the overall onset of drug-resistant bacteria-related mortality and morbidity. The prevalence of BSI is related to several variables such as the patient’s age, immunity, mode of entry of virulence factors, and control and prevention strategies.  BSI can typically be characterized by chills, low blood pressure, changes in mental state, fever, hypothermia, excessive sweating, and the possibility of organ malfunction. Falciparum Malaria, UTIs (Urinary Tract Infections), and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia are common illnesses arising due to BSI. Treatments include routine vaccinations, oral therapies, bacteremia management for MRSA, and anti-staphylococcal treatment. However, treatment for bacteremia remains challenging despite advances due to the pathogenicity of the organism, weak response to antibiotics, and rising multidrug resistance. As a result, combinational therapy is receiving more attention for treatment.